I usually say that there are four riders of the antiscience apocalypse – antievolucionism, rejection of the scientific consensus on climate change, anti-GMO and anti-vaccine movement. The latter, “antivaxxers”, has devastating consequences.

 

Anti-vaccine movement is a movement that brings together different “theorists” who are commonly opposed to vaccination-immunization practices. Vaccination is certainly one of the most important human inventions, a small thing that saved millions and millions of lives and raised the quality of life. Yet, in spite of this, the vaccines are endangered with propaganda that spreads fear and, unfortunately, the immunization rates decrease.

There are diseases that we can not prevent, and there are diseases that can be prevented. Some of these diseases, especially poliomyelitis, pertussis, and diphtheria, are not harmless and it is much cheaper to prevent them and enable children’s healthy childhood than to cure these diseases.

 

This movement began in the days of Edward Jenner, an English doctor who invented a vaccine against smallpox. Here it should be added that the practice of inoculation existed in some form even before Edward Jenner, but his vaccine was is the first time that someone scientifically explained how this practice works. Jenner inoculated a boy against smallpox in 1796, and in 1802 antivaxx pamphlets appeared and discussions that Jenner’s vaccine would turn human beings into cows began.

 

When the UK government introduced the Act on Vaccination in 1841, where vaccination of the population, especially children, was obliged and there were punishments if someone didn’t want to do this, people began to complain.

Some people, especially the clergy, considered vaccination immoral and non-Christian because vaccines came from animals. The very first anti-vaccine league was established back then, and this movement was the predecessor of today’s anti-vaccine  movement.

 

From then on, antivaxxers have added new causes for the opposition to vaccination and have refused to acknowledge the doctrine of the immunization. The movement itself has become a kind of subculture that attracts people of very different profiles, levels of education and political orientation.

If you thought the vaccine opponents were uneducated, you’re wrong – there are plenty of educated people and even doctors. This movement will also have some from the leftist-liberal spectrum, fighting for the “individual freedom of choice”, but it will also attract someone who is right-wing and ultra-conservative due to the association of movement with different narratives belonging to the theory of conspiracy and religion. This movement and its propaganda creates panic and widespread fear -the movement plays with the deepest human emotions – fear for ourselves and fear for our children.

 
Some of the “loudest” antivaxxers from ex-Yugoslavian region are Jelena Karleusa, Maja Volk, Sabina Silajdžić, Ivan Pernar, Slađana Velkov, Jovana Stojković, Lidija Gajski, Srećko Sladoljev, and Jagoda Savić.
 
 
The antivaxx movement operates with several narratives and I tried to list some of the most common propaganda elements:
 
-vaccination is a “government conspiracy to sterilize the population and reduce the number of inhabitants”;
-vaccines “contain highly toxic substances”;
-vaccinations “cause autism”: a fallen and scientifically unsound Wakefield study;
-vaccines are the” conspiracy of the pharmaceutical industry for quick and easy earnings”, 
-vaccines “are not needed because the diseases we are vaccinated are harmless”;
-children are being “tortured” by vaccination and injecting them too many diseases;
-the practice of vaccination is in contrast to certain religious persuasions;
-the vaccines contain substances that certain religious practices do not allow (some vaccines contain gelatin derived from pigs);
-vaccines contain aborted fetuses;
-vaccines are the cause of SIDS;
– the vaccines cause MS;
– the vaccines “overload the infant’s immune system”;
– “Western” vaccines are toxic, while there were once domestic vaccines and they were good;
– the vaccines are “unnatural”, full of chemicals (arguments of hemophobia / chemophobia);
-natural immunity is sufficient for disease control;
– the vaccines “will increase” the youth’s promiscuity (for HPV and HepB) vaccine
– the vaccines are the reflection of atheism (not believing that God will cure us);
– “I am not against the vaccine, but not for compulsory vaccination, it should be a private decision” and similar sentences;
– “homeopathic” and “naturopathic” vaccines are “better”.
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If you see somewhere some of these “arguments”, it’s about anti-vaccine propaganda.

 

 
All this means that fighting an anti-vaccine movement must be fought rationally by rejecting the pseudo-arguments of this movement, but also at the psychological and communication level. To find the reasons why people refuse to vaccinate and attract children is not just a matter of medicine and natural science. – Social sciences, especially social psychology, should also be involved in this problem. As stressed in an article, published in Nature Human Behavior, the discussion of vaccines and anti-competitive movement must include a much larger number of topics (1).
 
References:
 
 
1. Avnik B. Amin et al. Association of moral values with vaccine hesitancy, Nature Human Behavior (2017) 1: 873-880
 
 
  Author:

Jelena Kalinić, MA in comparative literature and graduate biologist, science journalist and science communicator, has a WHO infodemic manager certificate and Health metrics Study design & Evidence based medicine training. Winner of the 2020 EurekaAlert (AAAS) Fellowship for Science Journalists. Short-runner, second place in the selection for European Science journalist of the year for 2022.