Human history is full of conflicts, wars and misunderstandings. Despite these challenges, one thing remains constant: the role of science in preserving peace. Science is a key to creating an environment where dialogue and cooperation can overcome irreconcilable differences and conflicts. Science and peace are connected, because science should contribute to peace, but also to better progress in peacetime.
Scientific methods for conflict resolution
Scientific methods are not limited to laboratories and research institutes. They can also be useful in resolving conflicts. Through a systematic approach, science can help in analyzing the causes of conflicts, identifying sustainable solutions and evaluating their effectiveness. The application of scientific methods in diplomatic negotiations can reduce the risk of conflict escalation and promote peace.
One of the examples of scientific theories that sustained the world, which at one point was on the verge of war, is certainly Nash’s equilibrium.
One strategy in conflict is a form of Nash equilibrium in which, once armed, neither side has an incentive to start a conflict or to disarm.
Critical thinking and education
Science encourages critical thinking, the ability to analyze and understand complex problems. Educated individuals are usually less prone to manipulation and extremism, which can contribute to the reduction of violence and conflicts. Science education also promotes tolerance and understanding of different cultures and perspectives, making coexistence possible.
Global cooperation
Science is a continuous global activity. Researchers from different countries collaborate to solve world problems, such as climate change, pandemics and energy resources. This cooperation promotes the exchange of knowledge, cultures and values among nations, creating a basis for understanding and international peace.
Technological progress
Advances in science and technology can change the dynamics of conflicts. New technologies enable more efficient communication, identification of threats and response to challenges faster and more precisely. Likewise, technology can help develop alternatives for resources that often lead to conflict, such as clean energy and sustainable agriculture.
However, we cannot fail to mention the role of science in the technological progress that creates weapons. From cannons, rifles, through nuclear bombs to modern weapons… All of these are products of scientific research and technology improvement.
Science can be a bearer of peace, but also an agent of war.
Protection of the environment and natural resources
Science is key in preserving natural resources and protecting the environment. Conflicts caused by lack of resources, food insecurity, can be prevented or mitigated by applying scientific solutions for the sustainable management of these resources or for improving the accessibility and quantity of these resources. Nature conservation and climate change control also contribute to peace because it reduces the sources of conflict, hunger, poverty, destruction and migration.
Science and peace: prevention of armed conflicts
Scientific analysis of conflict areas and identification of factors that contribute to violence enables the prevention of armed conflicts. Science-based programs for early warning and conflict resolution can prevent the escalation of violence and save many lives. One example of efforts to prevent armed conflicts is certainly the CTBT, the Treaty on the Comprehensive Ban on Nuclear Tests.
Promotion of ethical values
Science also promotes ethical values that are key to peace. Researchers undertake to respect ethical standards and integrity in their work. This dedication to ethics can serve as a role model for others and an incentive to respect moral values in society.
Of course, not all scientists as individuals are examples of ethical uncompromisingness. In the scientific community, it is true, there is also sexual harassment, discrimination, exploitation, falsification of research results and plagiarism of works, as well as examples of unethical research. But as a whole, science as a system implies ethical integrity, and frauds and scientific dishonesty are sometimes revealed. More and more work is being done to combat discrimination and harassment in the scientific community. The scientific community has autocorrection mechanisms.
Science plays a key role in creating the foundation for a peaceful future. Scientific methods, critical thinking, global cooperation, technological progress, environmental protection, prevention of armed conflicts and promotion of ethical values together shape the path to peace.
Through science, humanity can overcome its differences, understand complex problems and work together to build a world where peace, understanding and harmony prevail. Science is a bright future in which humanity can find a common language and a common path to a better future. But only if one invests in it, it is given voice and presence in public space.
Author: Jelena Kalinić, MA in comparative literature and graduate biologist, science journalist and science communicator, has a WHO infodemic manager certificate and Health metrics Study design & Evidence based medicine training. Winner of the 2020 EurekaAlert (AAAS) Fellowship for Science Journalists. Short-runner, second place in the selection for European Science journalist of the year for 2022.
